American biologist, philosopher, cyberneticist, and sociologist Donna Haraway is best known for her concept of "cyborg", and from this concept, her approach become knowns as the cybernetic approach. For Haraway cyborg is a hybrid of a machine and an organism, an idea that lies between reality and fantasy. She uses the concept of a cyborg to study the impact of technology in various social spheres, for example, sex and sports. She believes that by studying people's attitudes towards technology, on the one hand, and towards animals, especially domestic animals and primates, on the other hand, we can learn a lot about scientific epistemology, gender relations, and racial categories.

Scientists began to study primates to better understand our species, and they were especially interested in how much our society is determined by our innate (primate) nature, and how much by culture. Primatology, but also the whole of science, is not able to get rid of the prejudices that people have about culture, nature, and gender. Science is not able to build unique knowledge that is not conditioned by social institutions, relationships, and values. In addition, science has most often served to justify and strengthen existing social hierarchies. That is why Haraway advocates situational knowledge and gives priority to different perspectives that arise within different communities. Science should be the product of a specific context and a specific moment. The author also criticizes standard science for its constant need to introduce dichotomies, such as culture/nature, male/female, man/animal, and man/machine. Haraway thus joins other postmodern epistemologists who advocated the multiplicity of perspectives and the criticized futility of building a completely "objective science".

Books:

Haraway. A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century (1985):

     -     Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science (1989);

     -     Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature: (Essays from 1978–89) (1991);

     -     Modest_Witness @Second_Millennium. FemaleMan_Meets_OncoMouse™: Feminism and Technoscience (1997).