Bio:(1884–1965) Italian statistician and demographer. Gini studied law, economics, mathematics, and biology at Bologna. He taught at universities in Cagliari, Padua, and Rome. He was the founder of the statistical journal Metron (1920). His sociology was based on a biological (organicist) view, in which the positive demography of a society is imperative for social development. In the same vein, he saw nations as organic phenomena in which natality (birth rate) is vital for healthy development. His most important contribution to economics and sociology is the measure of wealth and income distribution known as the Gini coefficient. He was also a supporter of Italian fascism and eugenics.

Main works

Il sesso dal punto di vista statistica: le leggi della produzione dei sessi (1908);

Sulla misura della concentrazione e della variabilità dei caratteri (1914);

Quelques considérations au sujet de la construction des nombres indices des prix et des questions analogues (1924);

Memorie di metodologia statistica. Vol.1: Variabilità e Concentrazione (1955);

Memorie di metodologia statistica. Vol.2: Transvariazione (1960).